On-device translation

package.json

@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@
     "expo-splash-screen": "~31.0.12",
     "expo-system-ui": "~6.0.9",
     "expo-task-manager": "~14.0.9",
+    "expo-translate-text": "^0.1.0",
     "expo-updates": "~29.0.14",
     "expo-video": "~3.0.15",
     "expo-video-thumbnails": "^10.0.8",

src/analytics/metrics/types.ts

@@ -667,6 +667,9 @@ export type Events = {
     targetLanguage: string
     textLength: number
   }
+  'translate:result': {
+    method: 'on-device' | 'google-translate' | 'fallback-alert'
+  }
 
   'verification:create': {}
   'verification:revoke': {}

src/components/Post/TranslatedPost.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import {View} from 'react-native'
+import {Trans} from '@lingui/macro'
+import {useLingui} from '@lingui/react'
+
+import {codeToLanguageName} from '#/locale/helpers'
+import {useTranslationState} from '#/state/translation'
+import {atoms as a, useTheme} from '#/alf'
+import {Loader} from '#/components/Loader'
+import {Text} from '#/components/Typography'
+
+export function TranslatedPost({
+  postUri,
+  hideLoading,
+}: {
+  postUri: string
+  hideLoading?: boolean
+}) {
+  const state = useTranslationState(postUri)
+
+  if (state.status === 'loading' && !hideLoading) {
+    return <TranslationLoading />
+  }
+
+  if (state.status === 'success') {
+    return (
+      <TranslationResult
+        translatedText={state.translatedText}
+        sourceLanguage={state.sourceLanguage}
+      />
+    )
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function TranslationLoading() {
+  const t = useTheme()
+
+  return (
+    <View style={[a.flex_row, a.align_center, a.gap_sm, a.py_xs]}>
+      <Loader size="sm" />
+      <Text style={[a.text_sm, t.atoms.text_contrast_medium]}>
+        <Trans>Translating...</Trans>
+      </Text>
+    </View>
+  )
+}
+
+function TranslationResult({
+  translatedText,
+  sourceLanguage,
+}: {
+  translatedText: string
+  sourceLanguage: string
+}) {
+  const t = useTheme()
+  const {i18n} = useLingui()
+
+  const langName = sourceLanguage
+    ? codeToLanguageName(sourceLanguage, i18n.locale)
+    : undefined
+
+  return (
+    <View style={[a.py_xs, a.gap_xs]}>
+      <Text style={[a.text_xs, t.atoms.text_contrast_medium]}>
+        {langName ? (
+          <Trans>Translated from {langName}</Trans>
+        ) : (
+          <Trans>Translated</Trans>
+        )}
+      </Text>
+      <Text selectable style={[a.text_md]}>
+        {translatedText}
+      </Text>
+    </View>
+  )
+}

src/components/PostControls/PostMenu/PostMenuItems.tsx

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ let PostMenuItems = ({
   }
 
   const onPressTranslate = () => {
-    translate(record.text, langPrefs.primaryLanguage)
+    translate(record.text, langPrefs.primaryLanguage, {postUri: post.uri})
 
     if (
       bsky.dangerousIsType<AppBskyFeedPost.Record>(

src/lib/hooks/useTranslate.ts

@@ -1,54 +1,109 @@
 import {useCallback} from 'react'
-import * as IntentLauncher from 'expo-intent-launcher'
+import {Alert} from 'react-native'
+import {msg} from '@lingui/macro'
+import {useLingui} from '@lingui/react'
 
 import {getTranslatorLink} from '#/locale/helpers'
-import {IS_ANDROID} from '#/env'
+import {logger} from '#/logger'
+import {setTranslationState} from '#/state/translation'
+import {useAnalytics} from '#/analytics'
 import {useOpenLink} from './useOpenLink'
 
+/**
+ * Attempts on-device translation via expo-translate-text.
+ * Uses a lazy require to avoid crashing if the native module
+ * isn't linked into the current build.
+ */
+async function attemptTranslation(
+  text: string,
+  language: string,
+  postUri: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const {onTranslateTask} =
+    require('expo-translate-text') as typeof import('expo-translate-text')
+  const result = await onTranslateTask({
+    input: text,
+    targetLangCode: language,
+  })
+
+  setTranslationState(postUri, {
+    status: 'success',
+    translatedText:
+      typeof result.translatedTexts === 'string' ? result.translatedTexts : '',
+    sourceLanguage: result.sourceLanguage ?? '',
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Native translation hook. Attempts on-device translation using
+ * Apple Translation (iOS 18+) or Google ML Kit (Android).
+ * Falls back to Google Translate URL if the language pack is
+ * unavailable or the user declines to download it.
+ *
+ * Web uses useTranslate.web.ts which always opens Google Translate.
+ */
 export function useTranslate() {
   const openLink = useOpenLink()
+  const {_} = useLingui()
+  const ax = useAnalytics()
 
   return useCallback(
-    async (text: string, language: string) => {
+    async (text: string, language: string, opts?: {postUri?: string}) => {
-      const translateUrl = getTranslatorLink(text, language)
+      // No postUri means non-post context (e.g. DMs) — open Google Translate
-      if (IS_ANDROID) {
+      if (!opts?.postUri) {
-        try {
+        const translateUrl = getTranslatorLink(text, language)
-          // use getApplicationIconAsync to determine if the translate app is installed
-          if (
-            !(await IntentLauncher.getApplicationIconAsync(
-              'com.google.android.apps.translate',
-            ))
-          ) {
-            throw new Error('Translate app not installed')
-          }
-
-          // TODO: this should only be called one at a time, use something like
-          // RQ's `scope` - otherwise can trigger the browser to open unexpectedly when the call throws -sfn
-          await IntentLauncher.startActivityAsync(
-            'android.intent.action.PROCESS_TEXT',
-            {
-              type: 'text/plain',
-              extra: {
-                'android.intent.extra.PROCESS_TEXT': text,
-                'android.intent.extra.PROCESS_TEXT_READONLY': true,
-              },
-              // note: to skip the intermediate app select, we need to specify a
-              // `className`. however, this isn't safe to hardcode, we'd need to query the
-              // package manager for the correct activity. this requires native code, so
-              // skip for now -sfn
-              // packageName: 'com.google.android.apps.translate',
-              // className: 'com.google.android.apps.translate.TranslateActivity',
-            },
-          )
-        } catch (err) {
-          if (__DEV__) console.error(err)
-          // most likely means they don't have the translate app
-          await openLink(translateUrl)
-        }
-      } else {
         await openLink(translateUrl)
+        return
+      }
+
+      const postUri = opts.postUri
+      setTranslationState(postUri, {status: 'loading'})
+
+      try {
+        await attemptTranslation(text, language, postUri)
+        ax.metric('translate:result', {method: 'on-device'})
+      } catch (err) {
+        logger.error('Failed to translate post', {safeMessage: err})
+        setTranslationState(postUri, {status: 'idle'})
+
+        // On-device translation failed (language pack missing or user
+        // dismissed the download prompt). Show options to retry or
+        // fall back to Google Translate.
+        ax.metric('translate:result', {method: 'fallback-alert'})
+        Alert.alert(
+          _(msg`Translation unavailable`),
+          _(msg`The required language pack is not installed on your device.`),
+          [
+            {
+              text: _(msg`Download language pack`),
+              onPress: async () => {
+                setTranslationState(postUri, {status: 'loading'})
+                try {
+                  await attemptTranslation(text, language, postUri)
+                  ax.metric('translate:result', {method: 'on-device'})
+                } catch (retryErr) {
+                  logger.error('Failed to translate post', {
+                    safeMessage: retryErr,
+                  })
+                  setTranslationState(postUri, {status: 'idle'})
+                }
+              },
+            },
+            {
+              text: _(msg`Use Google Translate`),
+              onPress: () => {
+                ax.metric('translate:result', {method: 'google-translate'})
+                openLink(getTranslatorLink(text, language))
+              },
+            },
+            {
+              text: _(msg`Cancel`),
+              style: 'cancel',
+            },
+          ],
+        )
       }
     },
-    [openLink],
+    [_, ax, openLink],
   )
 }

src/lib/hooks/useTranslate.web.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import {useCallback} from 'react'
+
+import {getTranslatorLink} from '#/locale/helpers'
+import {useOpenLink} from './useOpenLink'
+
+export function useTranslate() {
+  const openLink = useOpenLink()
+
+  return useCallback(
+    async (text: string, language: string, _opts?: {postUri?: string}) => {
+      const translateUrl = getTranslatorLink(text, language)
+      await openLink(translateUrl)
+    },
+    [openLink],
+  )
+}

src/screens/PostThread/components/ThreadItemAnchor.tsx

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import {type ThreadItem} from '#/state/queries/usePostThread/types'
 import {useSession} from '#/state/session'
 import {type OnPostSuccessData} from '#/state/shell/composer'
 import {useMergedThreadgateHiddenReplies} from '#/state/threadgate-hidden-replies'
+import {clearTranslation, useTranslationState} from '#/state/translation'
 import {type PostSource} from '#/state/unstable-post-source'
 import {PreviewableUserAvatar} from '#/view/com/util/UserAvatar'
 import {ThreadItemAnchorFollowButton} from '#/screens/PostThread/components/ThreadItemAnchorFollowButton'
@@ -45,11 +46,13 @@ import {DebugFieldDisplay} from '#/components/DebugFieldDisplay'
 import {CalendarClock_Stroke2_Corner0_Rounded as CalendarClockIcon} from '#/components/icons/CalendarClock'
 import {Trash_Stroke2_Corner0_Rounded as TrashIcon} from '#/components/icons/Trash'
 import {InlineLinkText, Link} from '#/components/Link'
+import {Loader} from '#/components/Loader'
 import {ContentHider} from '#/components/moderation/ContentHider'
 import {LabelsOnMyPost} from '#/components/moderation/LabelsOnMe'
 import {PostAlerts} from '#/components/moderation/PostAlerts'
 import {type AppModerationCause} from '#/components/Pills'
 import {Embed, PostEmbedViewContext} from '#/components/Post/Embed'
+import {TranslatedPost} from '#/components/Post/TranslatedPost'
 import {PostControls, PostControlsSkeleton} from '#/components/PostControls'
 import {useFormatPostStatCount} from '#/components/PostControls/util'
 import {ProfileHoverCard} from '#/components/ProfileHoverCard'
@@ -412,6 +415,7 @@ const ThreadItemAnchorInner = memo(function ThreadItemAnchorInner({
                 shouldProxyLinks={true}
               />
             ) : undefined}
+            <TranslatedPost postUri={post.uri} hideLoading />
             {post.embed && (
               <View style={[a.py_xs]}>
                 <Embed
@@ -558,10 +562,14 @@ function ExpandedPostDetails({
     [post, langPrefs.primaryLanguage],
   )
 
+  const translationState = useTranslationState(post.uri)
+
   const onTranslatePress = useCallback(
     (e: GestureResponderEvent) => {
       e.preventDefault()
-      translate(post.record.text || '', langPrefs.primaryLanguage)
+      translate(post.record.text || '', langPrefs.primaryLanguage, {
+        postUri: post.uri,
+      })
 
       if (
         bsky.dangerousIsType<AppBskyFeedPost.Record>(
@@ -581,6 +589,15 @@ function ExpandedPostDetails({
     [ax, translate, langPrefs, post],
   )
 
+  const onHideTranslation = useCallback(
+    (e: GestureResponderEvent) => {
+      e.preventDefault()
+      clearTranslation(post.uri)
+      return false
+    },
+    [post.uri],
+  )
+
   return (
     <View style={[a.gap_md, a.pt_md, a.align_start]}>
       <BackdatedPostIndicator post={post} />
@@ -597,18 +614,33 @@ function ExpandedPostDetails({
               &middot;
             </Text>
 
-            <InlineLinkText
+            {translationState.status === 'loading' ? (
-              // overridden to open an intent on android, but keep
+              <View style={[a.flex_row, a.align_center, a.gap_xs]}>
-              // as anchor tag for accessibility
+                <Loader size="xs" />
-              to={getTranslatorLink(
+                <Text style={[a.text_sm, t.atoms.text_contrast_medium]}>
-                post.record.text,
+                  <Trans>Translating...</Trans>
-                langPrefs.primaryLanguage,
+                </Text>
-              )}
+              </View>
-              label={_(msg`Translate`)}
+            ) : translationState.status === 'success' ? (
-              style={[a.text_sm]}
+              <InlineLinkText
-              onPress={onTranslatePress}>
+                to="#"
-              <Trans>Translate</Trans>
+                label={_(msg`Hide translation`)}
-            </InlineLinkText>
+                style={[a.text_sm]}
+                onPress={onHideTranslation}>
+                <Trans>Hide translation</Trans>
+              </InlineLinkText>
+            ) : (
+              <InlineLinkText
+                to={getTranslatorLink(
+                  post.record.text,
+                  langPrefs.primaryLanguage,
+                )}
+                label={_(msg`Translate`)}
+                style={[a.text_sm]}
+                onPress={onTranslatePress}>
+                <Trans>Translate</Trans>
+              </InlineLinkText>
+            )}
           </>
         )}
       </View>

src/state/translation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Per-post translation state store. Uses the EventEmitter + Map pattern
+ * (same as post-shadow.ts) so only components subscribed to a specific
+ * post URI re-render when its translation state changes.
+ */
+import {useEffect, useState} from 'react'
+import EventEmitter from 'eventemitter3'
+
+export type TranslationState =
+  | {status: 'idle'}
+  | {status: 'loading'}
+  | {status: 'success'; translatedText: string; sourceLanguage: string}
+
+const IDLE: TranslationState = {status: 'idle'}
+
+const emitter = new EventEmitter()
+const translations = new Map<string, TranslationState>()
+
+export function setTranslationState(postUri: string, state: TranslationState) {
+  translations.set(postUri, state)
+  emitter.emit(postUri)
+}
+
+export function clearTranslation(postUri: string) {
+  translations.delete(postUri)
+  emitter.emit(postUri)
+}
+
+export function useTranslationState(postUri: string): TranslationState {
+  const [state, setState] = useState<TranslationState>(
+    () => translations.get(postUri) ?? IDLE,
+  )
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    function onUpdate() {
+      setState(translations.get(postUri) ?? IDLE)
+    }
+    emitter.addListener(postUri, onUpdate)
+    return () => {
+      emitter.removeListener(postUri, onUpdate)
+    }
+  }, [postUri])
+
+  return state
+}

src/view/com/post/Post.tsx

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import {PostAlerts} from '#/components/moderation/PostAlerts'
 import {Embed, PostEmbedViewContext} from '#/components/Post/Embed'
 import {PostRepliedTo} from '#/components/Post/PostRepliedTo'
 import {ShowMoreTextButton} from '#/components/Post/ShowMoreTextButton'
+import {TranslatedPost} from '#/components/Post/TranslatedPost'
 import {PostControls} from '#/components/PostControls'
 import {RichText} from '#/components/RichText'
 import {SubtleHover} from '#/components/SubtleHover'
@@ -217,6 +218,7 @@ function PostInner({
                 )}
               </View>
             ) : undefined}
+            <TranslatedPost postUri={post.uri} />
             {post.embed ? (
               <Embed
                 embed={post.embed}

src/view/com/posts/PostFeedItem.tsx

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ import {Embed} from '#/components/Post/Embed'
 import {PostEmbedViewContext} from '#/components/Post/Embed/types'
 import {PostRepliedTo} from '#/components/Post/PostRepliedTo'
 import {ShowMoreTextButton} from '#/components/Post/ShowMoreTextButton'
+import {TranslatedPost} from '#/components/Post/TranslatedPost'
 import {PostControls} from '#/components/PostControls'
 import {DiscoverDebug} from '#/components/PostControls/DiscoverDebug'
 import {RichText} from '#/components/RichText'
@@ -481,6 +482,7 @@ let PostContent = ({
           )}
         </View>
       ) : undefined}
+      <TranslatedPost postUri={post.uri} />
       {postEmbed ? (
         <View style={[a.pb_xs]}>
           <Embed

yarn.lock

@@ -3403,7 +3403,7 @@
     "@babel/parser" "^7.27.2"
     "@babel/types" "^7.27.1"
 
-"@babel/traverse--for-generate-function-map@npm:@babel/traverse@^7.25.3":
+"@babel/traverse--for-generate-function-map@npm:@babel/traverse@^7.25.3", "@babel/traverse@^7.25.3", "@babel/traverse@^7.25.9":
   version "7.25.9"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.25.9.tgz#a50f8fe49e7f69f53de5bea7e413cd35c5e13c84"
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@@ -3464,19 +3464,6 @@
     debug "^4.3.1"
     globals "^11.1.0"
 
-"@babel/traverse@^7.25.3", "@babel/traverse@^7.25.9":
-  version "7.25.9"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.25.9.tgz#a50f8fe49e7f69f53de5bea7e413cd35c5e13c84"
-  integrity sha512-ZCuvfwOwlz/bawvAuvcj8rrithP2/N55Tzz342AkTvq4qaWbGfmCk/tKhNaV2cthijKrPAA8SRJV5WWe7IBMJw==
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/code-frame" "^7.25.9"
-    "@babel/generator" "^7.25.9"
-    "@babel/parser" "^7.25.9"
-    "@babel/template" "^7.25.9"
-    "@babel/types" "^7.25.9"
-    debug "^4.3.1"
-    globals "^11.1.0"
-
 "@babel/traverse@^7.26.10":
   version "7.26.10"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@babel/traverse/-/traverse-7.26.10.tgz#43cca33d76005dbaa93024fae536cc1946a4c380"
@@ -11777,6 +11764,11 @@ expo-task-manager@~14.0.9:
   dependencies:
     unimodules-app-loader "~6.0.8"
 
+expo-translate-text@^0.1.0:
+  version "0.1.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/expo-translate-text/-/expo-translate-text-0.1.0.tgz#16904f1baac126d5a452b4196495d238dcbbb6af"
+  integrity sha512-zrRJ0Do6Gie12yZYzgD4McQNIvb54pfPsBRegkUSuADec9DrXdxJXvw/OieZ+L4oMQu0Fx/NJDnHGQoaa0CVgA==
+
 expo-updates-interface@~2.0.0:
   version "2.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/expo-updates-interface/-/expo-updates-interface-2.0.0.tgz#7721cb64c37bcb46b23827b2717ef451a9378749"
@@ -18691,16 +18683,7 @@ string-natural-compare@^3.0.1:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/string-natural-compare/-/string-natural-compare-3.0.1.tgz#7a42d58474454963759e8e8b7ae63d71c1e7fdf4"
   integrity sha512-n3sPwynL1nwKi3WJ6AIsClwBMa0zTi54fn2oLU6ndfTSIO05xaznjSf15PcBZU6FNWbmN5Q6cxT4V5hGvB4taw==
 
-"string-width-cjs@npm:string-width@^4.2.0":
+"string-width-cjs@npm:string-width@^4.2.0", string-width@^4.1.0, string-width@^4.2.0, string-width@^4.2.3:
-  version "4.2.3"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz#269c7117d27b05ad2e536830a8ec895ef9c6d010"
-  integrity sha512-wKyQRQpjJ0sIp62ErSZdGsjMJWsap5oRNihHhu6G7JVO/9jIB6UyevL+tXuOqrng8j/cxKTWyWUwvSTriiZz/g==
-  dependencies:
-    emoji-regex "^8.0.0"
-    is-fullwidth-code-point "^3.0.0"
-    strip-ansi "^6.0.1"
-
-string-width@^4.1.0, string-width@^4.2.0, string-width@^4.2.3:
   version "4.2.3"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/string-width/-/string-width-4.2.3.tgz#269c7117d27b05ad2e536830a8ec895ef9c6d010"
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@@ -18859,7 +18842,7 @@ string_decoder@~1.1.1:
   dependencies:
     safe-buffer "~5.1.0"
 
-"strip-ansi-cjs@npm:strip-ansi@^6.0.1":
+"strip-ansi-cjs@npm:strip-ansi@^6.0.1", strip-ansi@^6.0.0, strip-ansi@^6.0.1:
   version "6.0.1"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz#9e26c63d30f53443e9489495b2105d37b67a85d9"
   integrity sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==
@@ -18873,13 +18856,6 @@ strip-ansi@^5.2.0:
   dependencies:
     ansi-regex "^4.1.0"
 
-strip-ansi@^6.0.0, strip-ansi@^6.0.1:
-  version "6.0.1"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-6.0.1.tgz#9e26c63d30f53443e9489495b2105d37b67a85d9"
-  integrity sha512-Y38VPSHcqkFrCpFnQ9vuSXmquuv5oXOKpGeT6aGrr3o3Gc9AlVa6JBfUSOCnbxGGZF+/0ooI7KrPuUSztUdU5A==
-  dependencies:
-    ansi-regex "^5.0.1"
-
 strip-ansi@^7.0.1:
   version "7.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/strip-ansi/-/strip-ansi-7.1.0.tgz#d5b6568ca689d8561370b0707685d22434faff45"
@@ -20276,7 +20252,7 @@ wordwrap@^1.0.0:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/wordwrap/-/wordwrap-1.0.0.tgz#27584810891456a4171c8d0226441ade90cbcaeb"
   integrity sha512-gvVzJFlPycKc5dZN4yPkP8w7Dc37BtP1yczEneOb4uq34pXZcvrtRTmWV8W+Ume+XCxKgbjM+nevkyFPMybd4Q==
 
-"wrap-ansi-cjs@npm:wrap-ansi@^7.0.0":
+"wrap-ansi-cjs@npm:wrap-ansi@^7.0.0", wrap-ansi@^7.0.0:
   version "7.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-7.0.0.tgz#67e145cff510a6a6984bdf1152911d69d2eb9e43"
   integrity sha512-YVGIj2kamLSTxw6NsZjoBxfSwsn0ycdesmc4p+Q21c5zPuZ1pl+NfxVdxPtdHvmNVOQ6XSYG4AUtyt/Fi7D16Q==
@@ -20294,15 +20270,6 @@ wrap-ansi@^6.2.0:
     string-width "^4.1.0"
     strip-ansi "^6.0.0"
 
-wrap-ansi@^7.0.0:
-  version "7.0.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-7.0.0.tgz#67e145cff510a6a6984bdf1152911d69d2eb9e43"
-  integrity sha512-YVGIj2kamLSTxw6NsZjoBxfSwsn0ycdesmc4p+Q21c5zPuZ1pl+NfxVdxPtdHvmNVOQ6XSYG4AUtyt/Fi7D16Q==
-  dependencies:
-    ansi-styles "^4.0.0"
-    string-width "^4.1.0"
-    strip-ansi "^6.0.0"
-
 wrap-ansi@^8.0.1, wrap-ansi@^8.1.0:
   version "8.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-8.1.0.tgz#56dc22368ee570face1b49819975d9b9a5ead214"